Mode of study: Full-time
Duration: 2 years
Tuition fee: AMD 550,000
Awarded qualification: Master of Biology
Admission (full-time and part-time) is conducted in accordance with the “Regulation on the Admission to the Master’s Program of YSU”.
Admission Exam Syllabus
General Questions
Structure of synapses and features of impulse transmission
Structure of the heart and its conduction system
Structure of nerves and features of impulse transmission
Blood groups and Rh factor
External respiration: inhalation and exhalation mechanisms
Electrocardiography
Neurohumoral regulation of digestion
Principles of neurohumoral regulation of physiological processes
Aromorphoses of terrestrial vertebrates
Structural features of Apicomplexa and main stages of their life cycle (examples)
Evolution of the vertebrate skull
Features and classification of Arthropods
Idiotypic diversity of antibodies and its mechanisms
Specific features of the interactions between T-lymphocytes and antigen determinants
Events during the contact phase of fertilization (acrosomal reaction, cortical reaction, interactions between membrane molecules)
Types of contacts between epithelial cells (desmosome, zonula adherens, tight junction, nexus)
Ecological factors: general patterns of their influence on organisms; the concept of limiting factor
Concept of population: characteristics of populations
Biocenoses and ecosystems
Energy flow in ecosystems: food chains
Biosphere: structure of the biosphere
Population growth and natural resources
Biodiversity and agrobiodiversity: three levels of biodiversity
Genetic level of biodiversity; mechanisms of genetic diversity and DNA markers
Characteristics and structural features of prokaryotic cells
Forms of microbial reproduction; genetic information exchange — recombination
Effects of environmental factors on bacteria
Bacterial cultures
Pathogenicity of bacteria; features of pathogenic bacteria
Structure of viruses: simple and complex viruses
Light phase of photosynthesis in plants
Upper and lower driving forces of water absorption by plants
Transpiration through stomata and cuticle
Main divisions of algae and their brief characteristics
Features of higher spore-bearing plants
Characteristics and classification principles of fungi
General characteristics and significance of lichens
Ecological and trophic groups of fungi
Reasons for tissue system formation in higher plants; stem evolution
Characteristics of seed plants
Driving forces of higher plant evolution; Raunkiaer plant life forms
Main biological properties of DNA
Main biological properties of RNA
Mutations and repair
Gene expression of genetic information
Main results of the “Human Genome” project
Comparative genomics
Post-genomic projects
Human chromosomes and modern methods for their study
Mechanisms of cell division and cell death
Cloning of organisms; application of somatic cells
Modern evolutionary theory
Pathways of ammonia formation and neutralization
Anaerobic glucose breakdown (glycolysis)
Ornithine cycle of urea biosynthesis
Glycerophospholipids
Application of the first law of thermodynamics in biological systems
Application of the second law of thermodynamics in biological systems
Forces stabilizing the structure of biomacromolecules
Kinetics of enzymatic reactions
Block Questions
Methods for microbial cultivation; microbial cultures
Classification of prokaryotes and its challenges; classification systems and criteria
Types of fermentation; lactic acid fermentation (causal agents, chemical transformations, practical significance)
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in microorganisms
Gene recombination, transformation, conjugation, transduction in microorganisms
Microbial biotechnology: traditional and modern forms
Methods of microbial biotechnology: genetic, cellular, and enzymatic engineering; cloning
Microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems and soil
Types, stages, and general mechanisms of bacterial infectious diseases
Causative agents of highly dangerous infectious diseases and their characteristics
Prevention measures for bacterial and viral diseases; vaccination
Viruses on Earth and their ecological role
Bacteriophages
Viral reproduction in living cells
Viral oncology; general characteristics of oncogenic viruses
Electron transport in photosynthesis
Dark phase of photosynthesis in plants
Plastids and their characteristics
Pigments involved in photosynthesis
Regulation of plant growth and development
Recommended Literature
- A. Stevens, J. Ditty, R. Parales, S. Merkel, Microbial Physiology, ASM Press, 2024, 477 pages
- A. Trchounian, Bioenergetics, 2019, Yerevan, YSU Press, 292 pages
- A. H. Trchounian, H. H. Panosyan, I. L. Bazukyan, A. A. Margaryan, Yu. G. Popov, Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology: Educational Methodical Guide, Yerevan, YSU Press, 2013, 316 pages
- A. Trchounian, K. Baghramyan, A. Poladyan, L. Gabrielyan, Biophysics of Biological Membranes, Bioenergetics and Biochemistry: Laboratory Methodical Guide, Yerevan, YSU Press, 2012, 130 pages
- A. I. Netrusov, I. B. Kotova, Microbiology: Theory and Practice, 2 vols., Moscow: Yurayt, 2017
- Madigan M. T., Martinko J. M., Dunlap P. V., Clark D. P., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 13th ed., Pearson, 2012, 1152 p.
- G. N. Cohen, Microbial Biochemistry, 3rd ed., Springer, Paris, 2014, 618 p.
- David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7th ed., 2017
- Michael Wink (ed.), Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism, 2010, 481 p.
- A. V. Pinevich, A. K. Sirotkin, O. V. Gavrilova, A. A. Potehin, Virology, St. Petersburg, 2012, 432 p.
- Madigan M. T., Martinko J. M., Stahl D. A., Clark D. P., Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 14th ed., San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2015, 1043 p.
Head of the Program: Prof. Dr. Karen Trchounian
Phone: (+374 94) 400 999
Email: k.trchounian@ysu.am, biology@ysu.am
